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In medicine, portal hypertension is hypertension (high blood pressure) in the portal vein and its tributaries.
It is often defined as a portal pressure gradient (the difference in pressure between the portal vein and the hepatic veins) of 5 mm Hg or greater.
Many conditions can result in portal hypertension.
In North America and Europe, it is usually the result of cirrhosis of the liver.[1], but can also resut from alcoholic hepatitis, idiopathic non-cirrhotic portal hypertension, congenital hepatic fibrosis, partial nodular transformation, Budd-Chiari syndrome, portal vein thrombosis and rarely, right heart failure
However, in less industrialized parts of the world, climate permitting, the major cause is schistosomiasis.
Consequences of portal hypertension are caused by blood being forced down alternate channels by the increased resistance to flow through the portal system. They include:
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